四级英语真题13篇

四级英语真题第1篇PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoaforeig下面是小编为大家整理的四级英语真题13篇,供大家参考。

四级英语真题 第1篇

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to learn Please recommend a place to You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

Section A News Report

Directions：
In this section, you will hear three news At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just

A) The number of male nurses has gone

B) There is discrimination against male

C) There is a growing shortage of medical

D) The number of nurses has dropped to a record

A) Working

B) Educational

C) Inadequate

D) Cultural

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just

A) He fell out of a

B) He was almost

C) He lost his way on a

D) He enjoyed swimming in the

A) The lifeboats patrol the area round the

B) The beach is a good place to watch the

C) The emergency services are

D) The beach is a popular tourist

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just

A) It climbed 25 storeys at one

B) It broke into an office

C) It escaped from a local

D) It became an online

A) Release it into the

B) Return it to its

C) Send it back to the

D) Give it a physical

A) A racoon can perform acts no human

B) A racoon can climb much higher than a

C) The racoon did something no politician

D) The raccoon became as famous as some

Section B Conversation

Directions：
In this section, you will hear two long At the end of each conversations you will hear four Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only After you hear a You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just

A) She received a bonus

B) She got a well-paying job in a

C She received her first monthly

D) She got a pay raise for her

A) Two decades

B) Several years

C) Just last

D) Right after

A) He sent a small check to his

B) He treated his parents to a nice

C) He took a few of his friends to a

D) He immediately deposited it in a

A) Join her colleagues for gym

B) Visit her former university

C) Buy some professional

D) Budget her salary

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just

A) He has just too many things to attend

B) He has been overworked

C) He has a difficult decision to

D) He has just quarreled with his

A) Turn to his girlfriend for

B) Give priority to things more

C) Think twice before making the

D) Seek advice from his family and

A) His girlfriend does not support his

B) He is not particularly keen on the job

C) He lacks the money for his doctoral

D) His parents and advisor have different

A)They need time to make

B) They haven"t started their careers

C) They need to save enough money for

D) They haven"t won their parents"

Section C Passage

Directions：
In this section, you will hear three At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just

A) Expressing ideas and opinions

B) Enriching social and intellectual

C) Acquiring information and professional

D) Using information to understand and solve

A) Traveling to different places in the

B) Playing games that challenge one"s

C) Improving mind-reading

D) Reading classic scientific

A) Participate in debates or

B) Expose themselves to different

C) Discard personal biases and

D) Give others freedom to express

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just

A) Why dogs can be faithful friends of

B) The nature of relationships between

C) The reason a great many people love

D) How dogs feel about their bonds with

A) They behave like other animals in many

B) They have an unusual sense of

C) They can respond to humans"

D) They can fall in love just like

A) They stay with one partner for

B) They have their own joys and

C) They experience true romantic

D) They help humans in various

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just

A) A rare

B) A historical

C) A cow

D) A precious

A) Dating

B) Preserving

C) Measuring

D) Identifying

A) The channel needs to interview the

B) The boy should have called an

C) The boy"s family had acted

D) The site should have been

A) Conduct a more detailed

B) Ask the university to reward

C) Search for similar fossils

D) Seek additional funds for the

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the Read the passage through carefully before making your Each choice in the bank is identified by a Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the You may not use any of the words in the bank more than

Finally, some good news about airplane If you are on a plane with a sick passenger, you are unlikely to get That is the __26__ of a new study that looked at how respiratory (呼吸道) viruses __27__ on Researchers found that only people who were seated in the same row as a passenger with the flu, for example -- or one row in front of or behind that individual -- had a high risk of catching the All other passengers had only a very __28__ chance of getting sick, according to the Media reports have not necessarily presented __29__ information about the risk of getting infected on an airplane in the Therefore, these new findings should help airplane passengers to feel less __30__ to catching respiratory infections while traveling by

Prior to the new study, little was known about the risks of getting __31__ infected by common respiratory viruses, such as the flu or common cold, on an airplane, the researchers So, to __32__ the risks of infection, the study team flew on 10 different __33__ in the during the flu The researchers found that passengers sitting within two seats on __34__ side of a person infected with the flu, as well as those sitting one row in front of or behind this individual, had about an 80 percent chance of getting But other passengers were __35__ safe from They had a less than 3 percent chance of catching the

A) accurate

B) conclusion

C) directly

D) either

E) evaluate

F) explorations

G) flights

H) largely

I) nearby

J) respond

K) slim

L) spread

M) summit

N) vividly

O) vulnerable

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is You may choose a paragraph more than Each paragraph is marked with a Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet

Is Breakfast Really the Most Important Meal of the Day?

A) Along with old classics like "carrots give you night vision" and "Santa doesn"t bring toys to misbehaving children", one of the most well-worn phrases of tired parents everywhere is that breakfast is the most important meal of the Many of us grow up believing that skipping breakfast is a serious mistake, even if only two thirds of adults in the UK eat breakfast regularly, according to the British Dietetic Association, and around three-quarters of

B) "The body uses a lot of energy stores for growth and repair through the night," explains diet specialist Sarah "Eating a balanced breakfast helps to up our energy, as well as make up for protein and calcium used throughout the " But there"s widespread disagreement over whether breakfast should keep its top spot in the hierarchy (等级) of There have been concerns around the sugar content of cereal and the food industry"s involvement in pro-breakfast research -- and even one claim from an academic that breakfast is "dangerous".

C) What"s the reality? Is breakfast a necessary start to the day or a marketing tactic by cereal companies? The most researched aspect of breakfast(and breakfast-skipping) has been its links to Scientists have different theories as to why there"s a relationship between the In one US study that analysed the health data of 50,000 people over seven years, researchers found that those who made breakfast the largest meal of the day were more likely to have a lower body mass index (BMI) than those who ate a large lunch or The researchers argued that breakfast helps reduce daily calorie intake and improve the quality of our diet -- since breakfast foods are often higher in fibre and

D) But as with any study of this kind, it was unclear if that was the cause -- or if breakfast-skippers were just more likely to be overweight to begin To find out, researchers designed a study in which 52 obese women took part in a 12-week weight loss All had the same number of calories over the day, but half had breakfast, while the other half did What they found was that it wasn"t breakfast itself that caused the participants to lose weight: it was changing their normal

E) If breakfast alone isn"t a guarantee of weight loss, why is there a link between obesity and breakfast-skipping? Alexandra Johnstone, professor of appetite research at the University of Aberdeen, argues that it may simply be because breakfast-skippers have been found to be less knowledgeable about nutrition and "There are a lot of studies on the relationship between breakfast eating and possible health outcomes, but this may be because those who eat breakfast choose to habitually have health-enhancing behaviours such as regular exercise and not smoking," she

F) A 20XX review of 10 studies looking into the relationship between breakfast and weight management concluded there is "limited evidence" supporting or refuting (反驳) the argument that breakfast influences weight or food intake, and more evidence is required before breakfast recommendations can be used to help prevent

G) Researches from the University of Surrey and University of Aberdeen are halfway through research looking into the mechanisms behind how the time we eat influences body Early findings suggest that a bigger breakfast is beneficial to weight Breakfast has been found to affect more than just Skipping breakfast has been associated with a 27% increased risk of heart disease, a 21% higher risk of type 2 diabetes in men, and a 20% higher risk of type 2 diabetes in One reason may be breakfast"s nutritional value -- partly because cereal is fortified (增加营养价值) with In one study on the breakfast habits of 1,600 young people in the UK, researchers found that the fibre and micronutrient intake was better in those who had breakfast There have been similar findings in Australia, Brazil, Canada and the

H) Breakfast is also associated with improved brain function, including concentration and language A review of 54 studies found that eating breakfast can improve memory, though the effects on other brain functions were However, one of the review"s researchers, Mary Beth Spitznagel, says there is "reasonable" evidence breakfast does improve concentration -- there just needs to be more "Looking at studies that tested concentration, the number of studies showing a benefit was exactly the same as the number that found no benefit," she "And no studies found that eating breakfast was bad for "

I) What"s most important, some argue, is what we eat for High-protein breakfasts have been found particularly effective in reducing the longing for food and consumption later in the day, according to research by the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research While cereal remains a firm favourite among breakfast consumers in the UK and US, a recent investigation into the sugar content of "adult" breakfast cereals found that some cereals contain more than three-quarters of the recommended daily amount of free sugars in each portion, and sugar was the second or third highest ingredient in

J) But some research suggests if we"re going to eat sugary foods, it"s best to do it One study recruited 200 obese adults to take part in a 16-week-long diet, where half added dessert to their breakfast, and half didn" Those who added dessert lost an average of 40 pounds more -- however, the study was unable to show the long-term A review of 54 studies found that there is no consensus yet on what type of breakfast is healthier, and concluded that the type of breakfast doesn"t matter as much as simply eating

K) While there"s no conclusive evidence on exactly what we should be eating and when, the consensus is that we should listen to our own bodies and eat when we"re "Breakfast is most important for people who are hungry when they wake up," Johnstone "Each body starts the day differently -- and those individual differences need to be researched more closely," Spitznagel "A balanced breakfast is really helpful, but getting regular meals throughout the day is more important to leave blood sugar stable through the day, which helps control weight and hunger levels," says "Breakfast isn"t the only meal we should be getting "

According to one professor, obesity is related to a lack of basic awareness of nutrition and

Some scientists claim that people should consume the right kind of food at

Opinions differ as to whether breakfast is the most important meal of the

It has been found that not cating breakfast is related to the incidence of certain diseases in some

Researchers found it was a change in eating habits rather than breakfast itself that induced weight

To keep oneself healthy, eating breakfast is more important than choosing what to

It is widely considered wrong not to eat

More research is needed to prove that breakfast is related to weight loss or food

Pecople who prioritise breakfasts tend to have lower calorie but higher nutritional

Many studies reveal that eating breakfast helps people memorise and

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following

Textbooks represent an 11 billion dollar industry, up from $8 billion in Textbook publisher Pearson is the largest publisher -- of any kind -- in the

It costs about $1 million to create a new A freshman textbook will have dozens of contributors, from subject-matter experts through graphic and layout artists to expert reviewers and classroom Textbook publishers connect professors, instructors and students in ways that alternatives, such as open e-textbooks and open educational resources, simply do This connection happens not only by means of collaborative development, review and testing, but also at conferences where faculty regularly decide on their textbooks and curricula for the coming

It is true that textbook publishers have recently reported losses, largely due to students renting or buying used print But this can be chalked up to the excessively high cost of their books -- which has increased over 1,000 percent since A restructuring of the textbook industry may well be in But this does not mean the end of the textbook

While they may not be as dynamic as an iPad, textbooks are not passive or For example, over the centuries, they have simulated (模拟) dialogues in a number of From 1800 to the present day, textbooks have done this by posing questions for students to answer inductively (归纳性地). That means students are asked to use their individual experience to come up with answers to general Today"s psychology texts, for example, ask: "How much of your personality do you think you inherited?" while ones in physics say: "How can you predict where the ball you tossed will land?"

Experts observe that "textbooks come in layers, something like an " For an active learner, engaging with a textbook can be an interactive Readers proceed at their own They "customize" their books by engaging with different layers and Highlighting, Post-It notes, dog-ears and other techniques allow for further customization that students value in print books over digital forms of

What does the passage say about open educational resources?

A) They contribute to teaching as much as to

B) They don"t profit as much as traditional textbooks

C) They can"t connect professors and students as textbooks

D) They compete fercely for customers with textbook

What is the main cause of the publishers" losses?

A) Failure to meet student

B) Industry

C) Emergence of

D) Flling

What does the textbook industry need to do?

A) Reform its

B) Cut its retail

C) Find replacements for printed

D) Change its business strategy

What are students expected to do in the learning process?

A) Think carefully before answering each

B) Ask questions based on their own

C) Answer questions using their personal

D) Give answers showing their respective

What do experts say about students using textbooks?

A) They can digitalize the prints

B) They can leam in an interactive

C) They can purchase custonized

D) They can adapt the material

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following

When we think of animals and plants, we have a pretty good way of dividing them into two distinct groups: one converts sunlight into energy and the other has to eat food to make its Well, those dividing lines come crashing down with the discovery of a sea slug (海蛞蝓) that"s truly half animal and half It"s pretty incredible how it has managed to hijack the genes of the algae (藻类) on which it

The slugs can manufacture chlorophyll, the green pigment (色素) in plants that captures energy from sunlight, and hold these genes within their The term kleptoplasty is used to describe the practice of using hijacked genes to create nutrients from And so far, this green sea slug is the only known animal that can be truly considered solar-powered, although some animals do exhibit some plant-like Many scientists have studied the green sea slugs to confirm that they are actually able to create energy from

In fact, the slugs use the genetic material so well that they pass it on to their future Their babies retain the ability to produce their own chlorophyll, though they can"t generate energy from sunlight until they"ve eaten enough algae to steal the necessary genes, which they can"t yet produce on their

"There"s no way on earth that genes from an alga should work inside an animal cell," says Sidney Pierce from the University of South "And yet here, they They allow the animal to rely on sunshine for its So if something happens to their food source, they have a way of not starving to death until they find more algae to "

The sea slugs are so good at gathering energy from the sun that they can live up to nine months without having to eat any They get all their nutritional needs met by the genes that they"ve hijacked from the

What is the distinctive feature of a sea slug?

A) It looks like both a plant and an

B) It converts some sea animals into

C) It lives half on animals and half on

D) It gets energy from both food and

What enables the sea slug to live like a plant?

A) The genes it captures from the sea plant

B) The mechanism by which it conserves

C) The nutrients it hjacks from other

D) The green pigment it inberits from its

What does the author say about baby sea slugs?

A) They can live without sunlight for a long

B) They can absorb sunlight right after their

C) They can survive without algac for quite some

D) They can produce chlorophyl on their

What does Sidney Pierce say about genes fom an alga?

A) They are stolen from animals like the sea

B) They can"t function unless exposed to

C) They don"t usually function inside animal

D) They can readily be converted to sca slug

What do we learn about sea slugs from the passage?

A) They behave the way most plant species

B) They can survive for months without

C) They will turn into plants when they

D) They will starve to death without

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into You should write your answer on Answer Sheet

中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关。和睦的大家庭曾非常令人羡慕。过去四代同堂并不少见。由于这个传统，许多年轻人婚后继续与父母同住。今天，这个传统正在改变。随着住房条件的改善，越来越多年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住。但他们之间的联系仍然很密切。许多老年人仍然帮着照看孙辈。年轻夫妇也抽时间探望父母，特别是在春节和中秋节等重要节日。

四级真题参考答案(完整版)

Part I Writing

Dear Mike,

How"s everything going? Last time you said you felt inclined to learn Chinese but had no clue where to So I"m writing to recommend a place to you -- the Confucius Institute, an established language center aimed to promote Chinese language and

The reasons for my recommendation are as Firstly, this Chinese government-funded educational institute is staffed by the most experienced, professional Chinese teachers, which ensures high-quality You can turn to them whenever you encounter difficulties in mastering the tones and the Secondly, students there are encouraged to take part in activities ranging from making traditional food to learning clligraphy, as a means of exposing them to the appealing aspects of Chinese Besides, the organization is now widely embraced by more than two million That means you aren" t alone as a beginner and will probably forge deep friendships with other

Learming a language from scratch won"t be But I believe you"ll find yourself having fun while improving your Chinese

Best wishes,

Li Hua

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

A

D

B

C

D

A

C

C

A

B

A

C

D

D

B

D

B

A

B

D

A

C

B

C

A

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35：BLKAO CEGDH

36-45：EIBGD JAFCH

46-55：CDACB DADCB

Part IV Translation

China"s family values are related to its cultural Harmonious extended families used to be very It was not uncommon in the past for four generations of a family to live under the same According to the tradition, many young people continued to live with their parents after Today, that tradition is As housing conditions improve, more and more young couples are opting to live apart from their But the connections between them still remain Many old people still help to look after their And young couples take time to visit their parents, especially during important festivals such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn

#p#副标题#e#

四级英语真题 第2篇

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following

According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they"re stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized

So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States? According to the public, at least, it"s not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill

It’s also not all about work-life Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership Only about one-in-five say women"s family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren"t more females in top leadership positions in business and

Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove Similar shares say the electorate （选民）and corporate America are just not ready to put more women in top leadership

As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it"s only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their

do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Center survey?

A) They have to do more to distinguish

B) They have to strive harder to win their

C) They are stronger than men in terms of

D) They are just as intelligent and innovative as

do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles?

A) They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to

B) They are lacking in confidence when competing with

C) Their failures may have something to do with family

D) Relatively few are hindered in their career

is the primary factor keeping women from taking top leadership positions according to the recent survey?

A) Personality

B) Gender

C) Family

D) Lack of

does the passage say about corporate America in the near future?

A) More and more women will sit in the

B) Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to

C) The public is undecided about whether women will make good

D) People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have more women

do most Americans expect to see soon on America"s political stage?

A) A woman in the highest position of

B) More and more women actively engaged in

C) A majority of women voting for a female

D) As many women in top government positions as

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following

People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and

The results reveal that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of Latvian women, meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of

James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due primarily to improvements in nutrition and "An individual"s genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays e less key role," he

A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial "Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy," he "This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular (心血管的）disease among taller "

But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many countries of north and sub-Saharan Africa causes concern, says While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among

"One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the 1980s," said Alexander Moradi of the University of The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential in terms of

Bentham believes the global trend of increasing height has important "How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in," he "If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to "

does the global study tell us about people"s height in the last hundred years?

A) There is a remarkable difference across

B) There has been a marked increase in most

C) The increase in people"s height has been

D) The increase in women"s height is bigger than in men"

does James Bentham say about genetics in the increase of people"s height?

A) It counts less than generally

B) It outweighs nutrition and

C) It impacts more on an individual than on a

D) It plays a more significant role in females than in

does Elio Riboli say about taller people?

A) They tend to live

B) They enjoy an easier

C) They generally risk fewer fatal

D) They have greater expectations in

do we learn about 18-year-olds in Uganda and Niger?

A) They grow up slower than their peers in other

B) They are actually shorter than their earlier

C) They find it hard to bring their potential into full

D) They have experienced many changes of

does James Bentham suggest we do?

A) Watch closely the global trend in children"s

B) Make sure that our children grow up to their full

C) Try every means possible to improve our

D) Ensure our children grow up in an ideal

Passage one

Passage two

四级英语真题 第3篇

动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等)

时态

1)现在完成进行时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.

I’ve been writing letters for an

I’ve been sitting in the

2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作

I’d been working for some time when he

We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she

3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.

By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty

In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three

4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时已发生的事.

I shall have finished this one before

They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of

语态

可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:

He was said to be jealous of her

It was said that he was jealous of her

能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.

It is supposed that the ship has been

The ship is supposed to have been

担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:

Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed (你应该晓得速度限制)

双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态

双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.

He was asked a number of questions at the press

Two days were allowed them for making the necessary

宾补结构的被动语态:

She was called Big Sister by

Then he was made a squad

He was considered quite qualified for the

The room was always kept clean and

短语动词

Vi + adv

The plane took off two hours

Vi + prep

They looked round the

Vi + prep (有被动语态)

She’s looking after her sister’s

The children were always well looked

Vi + adv + prep

I began to look forward to their

Vt + O + adv

Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their

The children were brought up by their

They took him

Vt + adv + O (无被动语态)

I am trying to give up

Vt + O + prep

We talked Donald into

在以as, than, when, if, unless等引导的从句中的省略:

在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a),或者主语是it b),就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动词be)省略掉.

Look out for cars when crossing the

When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side

While there he joined in voluntary labour on a

Although not yet six months old, she was able to walk without

If not well managed, irrigation can be

Though reduced in numbers, they gained in fighting

This viewpoint, however understandable, is

Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and completely wiped

She hurriedly left the room as though/if

She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in

Fill in the application as

Whenever known, such facts should be

The documents will be returned as soon as

He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very

Once having made a promise, you should keep

If necessary I’ll have the letter

Fill in the blanks with articles where(ver)

If possible, I should like to have two copies of

As scheduled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese

在以than a) 或 as b) 引起的从句中,常会有一些成分省略.

He told me not to use more material than (it is)

We should think more of the collective than of

They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people (did).

He is now a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as

Their training is free, as is all

We will, as always, stand on your

错误的省略

His life is as fully committed to books as anyone I

While standing there in her nightgown, two bullets struck the wall beside

一致

如果主语是单数,尽管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, as much as, no less than, more than等引导的短语,谓语动词仍旧用单数形式.

Terry, along with her friend, goes skating every

An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this

The captain, as well as the coaches, was disappointed in the

四级英语真题 第4篇

Part I Writing （30 minutes）

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic You should write at least 150 words following the outline given

一次性塑料袋的使用

使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题

限制一次性塑料袋的意义

Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet

For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D].

For questions 8 -10, complete the sentences with the information given in the

That’s enough, kids

It was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two children when a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the

“I’d watched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child he’d shoved,” she ” I went over to them, picked up my son, turned to the boy and said, firmly, ’No, we don’t push,” What happened next was

“The boy’s mother ran toward me from across the park,” Stella says,” I thought she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for disciplining her child, All I did was let him know his behavior was Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted, hurting other children in the process?”

Getting your own children to play nice is difficult Dealing with other people’s children has become a

In my house, jumping on the sofa is not In my sister’s house it’s For her, it’s about kids being kids: “If you can’t do it at three, when can you do it?”

Each of these philosophies is valid and, it has to be said, my son loves visiting his aunt’s But I find myself saying “no” a lot when her kids are over at That’s OK between sisters but becomes dangerous territory when you’re talking to the children of friends or

“Kids aren’t all raised the same,” agrees Professor Naomi White of Monash ” But there is still an idea that they’re the property of the We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if you’re saying that my child is behaving inappropriately, then that’s somehow a criticism of ”

In those circumstances, it’s difficult to know whether to approach the child directly or the parent There are two schools of

“I’d go to the child first,” says Andrew Fuller, author of Tricky Usually a quiet reminder that ’we don’t do that here’ is Kids nave finely tuned antennae (直觉) for how to behave in different ”

He points out bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel neglectful, which could cause Of course, approaching the child first can bring its own headaches,

This is why White recommends that you approach the parents Raise your concerns with the parents if they’re there and ask them to deal with it,” she

Asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith Fuller answers: “Explain your needs as well as stressing the importance of the Preface your remarks with something like: ’I know you’ll think I’m silly but in my house I don’t want…’”

When it comes to situations where you’re caring for another child, white is straightforward: “common sense must If things don’t go well, then have a ”

There’re a couple of new grey Physical punishment, once accepted from any adult, is no longer “A new set of considerations has come to the fore as part of the debate about how we handle ”

For Andrew Fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has affected everyone:” The rules are different now from when today’s parents were growing up,” he says, “Adults are scared of saying: ’don’t swear’, or asking a child to stand up on a They’re worried that there will be conflict if they point these things out – either from older children, or their ”

He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy (礼貌), and says that adults suffer form it as much as

Meredith Fuller agrees: “A code of conduct is hard to create when you’re living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish ”

“It’s about what I’m doing and what I need,” Andrew Fuller ”the days when a kid came home from school and said, “I got into trouble”. And dad said, ‘you probably deserved it’. Are Now the parents are charging up to the school to have a go at ”

This jumping to our children’s defense is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells” feeling that surrounds our dealings with other people’s You know that if you remonstrate(劝诫) with the child, you’re going to have to deal with the It’s admirable to be protective of our kids, but is it good?

“Children have to learn to negotiate the world on their own, within reasonable boundaries,” White “I suspect that it’s only certain sectors of the population doing the running to the school –better –educated parents are probably more likely to be too ”

White believes our notions of a more child-centered, it’ a way of talking about treating our children like commodities(商品). We’re centered on them but in ways that reflect positively on We treat them as objects whose appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of, rather than serve the best interests of the ”

One way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their children is to leap to their Back at the park, Bianchi’ intervention(干预) on her son’ behalf ended in an undignified exchange of insulting words with the other boy’

As Bianchi approached the park bench where she’d been sitting, other mums came up to her and congratulated her on taking a “Apparently the boy had a longstanding reputation for bad behaviour and his mum for even worse behaviour if he was ”

Andrew Fuller doesn’t believe that we should be afraid of dealing with other people’s “look at kids that aren’t your own as a potential minefield,” he He recommends that we don’t stay silent over inappropriate behaviour, particularly with regular

What did Stella Bianchi expect the young boy’s mother to do when she talked to him?

A) make an apology

B) come over to intervene

C) discipline her own boy

D) take her own boy away

What does the author say about dealing with other people’s children?

A) it’s important not to hurt them in any way

B) it’s no use trying to stop their wrongdoing

C) it’s advisable to treat them as one’s own kids

D) it’s possible for one to get into lots of trouble

According to professor Naomi white of Monash university, when one’s kids are criticized, their parents will probably

A) discouraged

B) hurt

C) puzzled

D) overwhelmed

What should one do when seeing other people’s kids misbehave according to Andrew fuller?

A) talk to them directly in a mild way

B) complain to their parents politely

C) simply leave them alone

D) punish them lightly

Due to the child-centric nature of our society,

A) parents are worried when their kids swear at them

B) people think it improper to criticize kids in public

C) people are reluctant to point our kids’ wrongdoings

D) many conflicts arise between parents and their kids

In a world where everyone is exhausted from over work and lack of sleep,

A) it’s easy for people to become impatient

B) it’s difficult to create a code of conduct

C) it’s important to be friendly to everybody

D) it’s hard for people to admire each other

How did people use to respond when their kids got into trouble at school?

A) they’d question the teachers

B) they’d charge up to the school

C) they’d tell the kids to clam down

D) They’d put the blame on their kids

Professor white believes that the notions of a more child-centred society should

According to professor white, today’s parents treat their children as something

Andrew fuller suggests that , when kids behave inappropriately, people should

Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only After each question there will be a During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the

A)Only true friendship can last

B)Letter writing is going out of

C)She keeps in regular touch with her

D)She has lost contact with most of her old

A) A C) A

B) A D) A

A) Look for a place near her C) Make inquiries

B) Find a new job down the D) Rent the $600

A) He prefers to wear jeans with a larger

B) He has been extremely busy

C) He has gained some weight

D) He enjoyed going shopping with Jane

A)The woman possesses a natural for

B) Women have a better artistic taste than

C) He isn’t good at abstract

D) He doesn’t like abstract

A) She couldn’t have left her notebook in the

B) she may have put her notebook amid the

C) she should have made careful notes while doing

D) she shouldn’t have read his notes without his knowing

A)she wants to get some sleep C) she has a literature class to attend

B) she needs time to write a paper D)she is troubled by her sleep problem

A)He is confident he will get the

B)His chance of getting the job is

C)It isn’t easy to find a qualified sales

D)The interview didn’t go as well as he

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just

A)He can manage his time more

B)He can renew contact with his old

C)He can concentrate on his own

D)He can learn to do administrative

A)Reading its ads in the

B)Calling its personnel

C)Contacting its

D)Searching its

A)To cut down its production

B)To solve the problem of staff

C)To improve its administrative

D)To utilize its retired employees’

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just

A)Buy a

B)Fix a

C)See a piece of

D)Sing a business

A)It is only forty miles form where they

B)It is a small one with a two-bedroom

C)It was a large garden with fresh

D)It has a large garden with fresh

A)Growing potatoes will involve less

B)Its soil may not be very suitable for

C)It may not be big enough for raising

D)Raising potatoes will be more

A)Finances

B)Equipment

C)Labor

D)Profits

ection B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short At the end of each passage, you will hear some Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the

Passage One

Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just

26 A) To introduce the chief of the city’s police force

B)To comment on a talk by a distinguished guest

C)To address the issue of community security

D)To explain the functions of the city council

27 A)He has distinguished himself in city management

B)He is head of the International Police Force

C)He completed his higher education abroad

D)He holds a master’s degree in criminology

28 A)To coordinate work among police departments

B)To get police officers closer to the local people

C)To help the residents in times of emergency

D)To enable the police to take prompt action

29 A)Popular

B)discouraging

C)effective

D)controversial

Passage Two

Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just

30 A)people differ greatly in their ability to communicate

B)there are numerous languages in existence

C)Most public languages are inherently vague

D)Big gaps exist between private and public languages

31 A)it is a sign of human intelligence

B)in improves with constant practice

C)it is something we are born with

D)it varies from person to person

32 A)how private languages are developed

B)how different languages are related

C)how people create their languages

D)how children learn to use language

Passage Three

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just

33 A)she was a tailor

B)she was an engineer

C)she was an educator

D)she was a public speaker

)Basing them on science-fiction

B) Including interesting examples in them

C) Adjusting them to different audiences

D) Focusing on the latest progress in space science

) Whether spacemen carry weapons

B) How spacesuits protect spacemen

C) How NASA trains its spacemen

D) What spacemen cat and drink

ection C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have

Crime is increasing world There is every reason to believe the (36)____will continue through the next few

Crime rates have always been high in multicultural, industrialized societies such as the United States, but a new (37) ____has appeared on the world (38)____rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few(39) Street crimes such as robbery, rape (40) ___and auto theft are clearly rising (41)___in eastern European countries such as Hungary and in western European nations such as the united

What is driving this crime (42)____?There are no simple Still，there are certain conditions(43) _______with rising crime increasing heterogeneity (混杂) of populations, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of government,(44)

These conditions are increasingly observable around the For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogeneous(同种类的) ,such as Japan, Denmark and Greece (45)

Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the twenty-first century, and (46)

Part IV Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth） （25 minutes）

Section A

A bookless life is an incomplete Books influence the depth and breadth of They meet the natural______47_____for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of their Readers turn______48_____ to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to ____49 _____ from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and the Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is They are presented with a __50 _____ of human experiences and come to ___51 ____ other ways of thought and And while ____52 ____ their own relationships and responses to life , the readers often find that the ___53__ in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their

Books provide ___54 ____ material for readers’ imagination to Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates While enriching their imagination, books __55 ____their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure ___56 The social and educational significance of the readers’ books cannot be overestimated in an academic

Abundant

Characters

Communicating

Completely

Derive

Desire

Diversity

Escape

Establishing

Narrow

Naturally

Personnel

Properly

Respect

Widen

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following

If you are a male and you are reading this ,congratulations: you are a survivor .According to statistics .you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a

There are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the

“Men aren’t seeing doctors as often as they should, ” says Gullotta, “This is particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to ”

Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or For those over 45,it should be at least once a

Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old ma who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a

“When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer” he says, “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged this life”

According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age

“A lot of men think they are invincible （不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think” Geez, if it could happen to

Then there is the ostrich approach,” some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ” says Ross

“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,” Cartmill says .He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive

Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill ” But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature ”

does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?

They are more likely to survive serious diseases

Their average life span has been considerably

They have lived long enough to read this

They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier

does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?

men drink and smoke much more than women

men don’t seek medical care as often as women

men aren’t as cautions as women in face of danger

men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases

Which of the following best completes the sentence “Geez, if it could happen to him…’(line2,para,8)?

it could happen to me, too

I should avoid playing golf

I should consider myself lucky

it would be a big misfortune

60 What does Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach”(line q )？

a casual attitude towards one’s health conditions

a new therapy for certain psychological problems

refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved

unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear

What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?

may increase public expenses

will save money in the long run

may cause psychological strains on men

will enable men to live as long as women

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following

High-quality customer service is preached(宣扬) by many ,but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than done

Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will

Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide t frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school

“Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,” said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde ” the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a ”

On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four other, and will no longer visit the specific store for every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative The resulting “snowball effect” can be disastrous to

According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most ranked second and third were grocery and electronics

The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满了的) shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude

During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting（业余兼职的）local police to work as parking Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking

This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking

Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer

Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry

“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so ” said Professor Stephen “Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would ”

Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答

Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints?

A Most customers won’t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy

B Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around

C Few customers believe the service will be

D Customers have no easy access to store

What does Paula Courtney imply by saying “ … the shopper must also find a replacement” (Line 2, 4)?

A New customers are bound to replace old

B It is not likely the shopper can find the same products in other

C Most stores provide the same

D Not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some trouble

Shop owners often hire moonlighting police as parking attendants so that

A can stay longer browsing in the store

B won’t have trouble parking their cars

C won’t have any worries about security

D can find their cars easily after shopping

What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?

A Manners of the salespeople

B Hiring of efficient employees

C Huge supply of goods for sale

D Design of the store

To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to

A exert pressure on stores to improve their service

B settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic way

C voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directly

D shop around and make comparisons between stores

Part V Cloze （15 minutes）

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D] on the right side of the You should choose the ONE that best fits into the Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the

Playing organized sports is such a common experience in the United States that many children and teenagers that them for This is especially true__67__children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and__68__sports programs and make sure that there is easy__69__to participation Children in low-income families and poor communities are__70__likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often__71__the resources needed to pay for participation__72__, equipment, and transportation to practices and games__73__ their communities do not have resources to build and__74__sports fields and

Organized youth sports__75__appeared during the early 20th century in the United States and other wealthy They were originally developed__76__some educators and developmental experts__77__that the behavior and character of children were__78__influenced by their social surrounding and everyday This__79__many people to believe that if you could organize the experiences of children in__80__ways, you could influence the kinds of adults that those children would

This belief that the social__81__influenced a person’s overall development was very__82__to people interested in progress and reform in the United States__83__the beginning of the 20th It caused them to think about__84__they might control the experiences of children to__85__responsible and productive They believed strongly that democracy depended on responsibility and that a__86__capitalist economy depended on the productivity of

among within on towards

spread speed spur sponsor

access entrance chance route

70 little less more much

shrink tighten limit lack

bill B accounts fees fare

so as and but

maintain sustain contain entertain

last first later finally

before while until when

realized recalled expected exhibited

specifically excessively strongly exactly

moved conducted put led

precise precious particular peculiar

engagement environment state status

encouraging disappointing upsetting surprising

for with over at

what how whatever however

multiply manufacture produce provide

growing breeding raising flying

Part Ⅵ Translation (5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in

researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems______________(他们至今还没有答案)

(大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best education possible for their

’d better take a sweater with you_____________________________________________ (以防天气变冷)

the project, many people have received training and__________________________ (决定自己创业)

anti-virus agent was not known___________________________________(直到一名医生偶然发现了它)

四级英语真题 第5篇

Part Ⅰ Writing

Good Communication Is the Best Policy

The relationship between parents and children is an eternal and universal topic for Our relationship with parents might be different at different And foryoung people at their 20s, I think it will more depend on what children

The reason why I say so is that as we grow up, our parents who were our idols beforegradually get old and even However hard efforts they make, they could notcatch up with our steps, leading to the so-called invisible generation gap between Thus, if we cannot slow down our pace, there will definitely be an awkward silencebetween parents and us, which is not rare As a result, we young people should talkmore with parents to share our feelings and to know each other

Everyone wants loving parents who are open and Only through frequentcommunication with each other can we establish such a harmonious relationship withour

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

D) Her little

B) By selling lemonade and

B) Providing clean energy to five million

C) They can be laid right on top of existing

C) Endless fighting in the

D) To find evidence of the existence of the "lost lions".

A) Lions"

D) Her "lucky birthday".

A) Threw her a surprise

C) The trip her husband has

B) He is eager to learn how the couple"s holiday turns

D) They are sensitive to the dynamics of a

A) They know when to

B) They learn

C) Get to know the other

A) How space research benefits people on

C) They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer

B) They are extremely

C) It marked the beginning of something

D) They believed in working for

B) Doing needlework by the

A) Sit down and try to calm

C) You may expose yourself to unexpected

A) Walk

D) Inform somebody of your

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35：KDMOA FHICB

36-45：IECDB HGFAJ

46-55：DCACB DAACB

Part IV Translation

Located in western Shandong province, Mount Tai stands over 1500 meters above sealevel and covers an area of about 400 square It is a renowned mountainwhich is not only spectacular but also of historical and cultural Pilgrimshave been visiting Mount Tai for the last over 3000 In recorded history, 72 emperors once came here to make a Mount Tai has seen many writers who havetraveled here for inspiration to make poems and Artists also come herefor That explains why Mount Tai features numerous cultural relics and It has now become one of the leading tourist attractions in

四级英语真题 第6篇

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of speaking ability and how to develop You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the Read the passage through carefully before making your Each choice in the bank is identified by a Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the You may not use any of the words in the bank more than

Neon (霓虹) is to Hong Kong as red phone booths are to London and fog is to San When night falls, red and blue and other colors 26 a hazy (雾蒙蒙的) glow over a city lit up by tens of thousands of neon But many of them are going dark, 27 by more practical, but less romantic, LEDs (发光二极管).

Changing building codes, evolving tastes, and the high cost of maintaining those wonderful old signs have businesses embracing LEDs, which are energy 28 , but still carry great "To me, neon represents memories of the past," says photographer Sharon Blance, whose series Hong Kong Neon celebrates the city"s famous "Looking at the signs now I get a feeling of amazement, mixed with "

Building a neon sign is an art practiced by 29 trained on the job to mold glass tubes into 30 shapes and They fill these tubes with gases that glow when 31 . Neon makes orange, while other gases make yellow or It takes many hours to craft a single

Blance spent a week in Hong Kong and 32 more than 60 signs; 22 of them appear in the series that capture the signs lighting up lonely streets—an 33 that makes it easy to admire their colors and "I love the beautiful, handcrafted, old-fashioned 34 of neon," says The signs do nothing more than 35 a restaurant, theater, or other business, but do so in the most striking way

A) alternative B) approach C) cast D) challenging E) decorative F) efficient G) electrified H) identify I) photographed J) professionals K) quality L) replaced M) stimulate N) symbolizes O) volunteers 

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to Each statement contains information given in one of the Identify the paragraph from which the information is You may choose a paragraph more than Each paragraph is marked with a Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet

New Jersey School District Eases Pressure on Students—Baring an Ethnic Divide

A) This fall, David Aderhold, the chief of a high-achieving school district near Princeton, New Jersey, sent parents an alarming 16-page The school district, he said, was facing a Its students were overburdened and stressed out, having to cope with too much work and too many In the previous school year, 120 middle and high school students were recommended for mental health assessments and 40 were And on a survey administered by the district, students wrote things like, "I hate going to school," and "Coming out of 12 years in this district, I have learned one thing: that a grade, a percentage or even a point is to be valued over anything "

B) With his letter, Aderhold inserted West Windsor-Plainsboro Regional School District into a national discussion about the intense focus on achievement at elite schools, and whether it has gone too At follow-up meetings, he urged parents to join him in advocating a "whole child" approach to schooling that respects "social-emotional development" and "deep and meaningful learning" over academics The alternative, he suggested, was to face the prospect of becoming another Palo Alto, California, where outsize stress on teenage students is believed to have contributed to a number of suicides in the last six

C) But instead of bringing families together, Aderhold"s letter revealed a divide in the district, which has 9,700 students, and one that broke down roughly along racial On one side are white parents like Catherine Foley, a former president of the Parent-Teacher-Student Association at her daughter"s middle school, who has come to see the district"s increasingly pressured atmosphere as opposed to "My son was in fourth grade and told me, "I"m not going to amount to anything because I have nothing to put on my resume,"" she On the other side are parents like Mike Jia, one of the thousands of Asian-American professionals who have moved to the district in the past decade, who said Aderhold"s reforms would amount to a "dumbing down" of his children"s "What is happening here reflects a national anti-intellectual trend that will not prepare our children for the future," Jia

D) About 10 minutes from Princeton and an hour and a half from New York City, West Windsor and Plainsboro have become popular bedroom communities for technology entrepreneurs, researchers and engineers, drawn in large part by the public From the last three graduating classes, 16 seniors were admitted to It produces Science Olympiad winners, classically trained musicians and students with perfect SAT

E) The district has become increasingly popular with immigrant families from China, India and This year, 65 percent of its students are Asian-American, compared with 44 percent in Many of them are the first in their families born in the United They have had a growing influence on the Asian-American parents are enthusiastic supporters of the competitive instrumental music They have been huge supporters of the district"s advanced mathematics program, which once began in the fourth grade but will now start in the The change to the program, in which 90 percent of the participating students are Asian-American, is one of Aderhold"s

F) Asian-American students have been eager participants in a state program that permits them to take summer classes off campus for high school credit, allowing them to maximize the number of honors and Advanced Placement classes they can take, another practice that Aderhold is limiting this school With many Asian-American children attending supplementary instructional programs, there is a perception among some white families that the elementary school curriculum is being sped up to accommodate

G) Both Asian-American and white families say the tension between the two groups has grown steadily over the past few years, as the number of Asian families has But the division has become more obvious in recent months as Aderhold has made changes, including no-homework nights, an end to high school midterms and finals, and an initiative that made it easier to participate in the music

H) Jennifer Lee, professor of sociology at the University of California, Irvine, and an author of the Asian American Achievement Paradox, says misunderstanding between first-generation Asian-American parents and those who have been in this country longer are What white middle-class parents do not always understand, she said, is how much pressure recent immigrants feel to boost their children into the middle "They don"t have the same chances to get their children internships (实习职位) or jobs at law firms," Lee "So what they believe is that their children must excel and beat their white peers in academic settings so they have the same chances to excel "

I) The issue of the stresses felt by students in elite school districts has gained attention in recent years as schools in places like Newton, Massachusetts, and Palo Alto have reported a number of West Windsor-Plainsboro has not had a teenage suicide in recent years, but Aderhold, who has worked in the district for seven years and been chief for the last three years, said he had seen troubling In a recent art assignments, a middle school student depicted (描绘) an overburdened child who was being scolded for earning an A, rather than an A+ , on a math In the image, the mother scolds the student with the words, "Shame on you!" Further, he said, the New Jersey Education Department has flagged at least two pieces of writing on state English language assessments in which students expressed suicidal

J) The survey commissioned by the district found that 68 percent of high school honor and Advanced Placement students reported feeling stressed about school "always or most of the " "We need to bring back some balance," Aderhold "You don"t want to wait until it"s too late to do "

K) Not all public opinion has fallen along racial Karen Sue, the Chinese-American mother of a fifth-grader and an eighth-grader, believes the competition within the district has gotten out of Sue, who was born in the United States to immigrant parents, wants her peers to dial it "It"s become an arms race, an educational arms race," she "We all want our kids to achieve and be The question is, at what cost?"

Aderhold is limiting the extra classes that students are allowed to take off

White and Asian-American parents responded differently to Aderhold"s

Suicidal thoughts have appeared in some students"

Aderhold"s reform of the advanced mathematics program will affect Asian-American students

Aderhold appealed for parents" support in promoting an all-round development of children, instead of focusing only on their academic

One Chinese-American parent thinks the competition in the district has gone too

Immigrant parents believe that academic excellence will allow their children equal chances to succeed in the

Many businessmen and professionals have moved to West Windsor and Plainsboro because of the public schools

A number of students in Aderhold"s school district were found to have stress-induced mental health

The tension between Asian-American and white families has increased in recent

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the

Passage One

Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following

For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone "While we teach, we learn," said Roman philosopher Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom They"re documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing innovative ways for young people to engage in

Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understand the material, recall it more accurately and apply it more Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who"re learning only for their own But how can children, still learning themselves, teach others? One answer: They can tutor younger Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the

But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the "teachable agent"—a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world Computer scientists have created an animated (动画的) figure called Betty"s Brain, who has been "taught" about environmental science by hundreds of middle school Student teachers are motivated to help Betty master certain While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own

Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutors" The agents" questions compel student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into

Above all, it"s the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate Student tutors feel upset when their teachable agents fail, but happy when these virtual pupils succeed as they derive pride and satisfaction from someone else"s

What are researchers rediscovering through their studies?

A) Seneca"s thinking is still applicable

B) Better learners will become better

C) Human intelligence tends to grow with

D) Philosophical thinking improves

What do we learn about Betty"s Brain?

A) It is a character in a popular

B) It is a teaching tool under

C) It is a cutting-edge app in digital

D) It is a tutor for computer science

How does teaching others benefit student tutors?

A) It makes them aware of what they are strong

B) It motivates them to try novel ways of

C) It helps them learn their academic subjects

D) It enables them to better understand their

What do students do to teach their teachable agents?

A) They motivate them to think

B) They ask them to design their own

C) They encourage them to give prompt

D) They use various ways to explain the

What is the key factor that eases student tutors" learning?

A) Their sense of  

B) Their emotional  

C) The learning strategy

D) The teaching experience

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following

A new batch of young women—members of the so-called Millennial (千禧的) generation—has been entering the workforce for the past At the starting line of their careers, they are better educated than their mothers and grandmothers had been—or than their young male counterparts are But when they look ahead, they see roadblocks to their They believe that women are paid less than men for doing the same They think it"s easier for men to get top executive jobs than it is for And they assume that if and when they have children, it will be even harder for them to advance in their

While the public sees greater workplace equality between men and women now than it did 20-30 years ago, most believe more change is Among Millennial women, 75% say this country needs to continue making changes to achieve gender equality in the workplace, compared with 57% of Millennial Even so, relatively few young women (15%) say they have been discriminated against at work because of their

As Millennial women come of age they share many of the same views and values about work as their male They want jobs that provide security and flexibility, and they place relatively little importance on high At the same time, however, young working women are less likely than men to aim at top management jobs: 34% say they"re not interested in becoming a boss or top manager; only 24% of young men say the The gender gap on this question is even wider among working adults in their 30s and 40s, when many women face the trade-offs that go with work and

These findings are based on a new Pew Research Center survey of 2,002 adults, including 810 Millennials (ages 18-32), conducted 7-27, The survey finds that, in spite of the dramatic gains women have made in educational attainment and labor force participation in recent decades, young women view this as a man"s world—just as middle-aged and older women

What do we learn from the first paragraph about Millennial women starting their careers?

A) They can get ahead only by striving

B) They expect to succeed just like Millennial

C) They are generally quite optimistic about their

D) They are better educated than their male

How do most Millennial women feel about their treatment in the workplace?

A) They are the target of  

B) They find it satisfactory on the

C) They think it needs further

D) They find their complaints

What do Millennial women value most when coming of age?

A) A sense of  

B) Job stability and

C) Rewards and

D) Joy derived from

What are women in their 30s and 40s concerned about?

A) The welfare of their  

B) The narrowing of the gender  

C) The fulfillment of their dreams in

D) The balance between work and

What conclusion can be drawn about Millennial women from the 20XX survey?

A) They still view this world as one dominated by

B) They account for half the workforce in the job

C) They see the world differently from older

D) They do better in work than their male

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese You should write your answer on Answer Sheet

近年来，中国有越来越多的城市开始建设地铁。发展地铁有助于减少城市的交通拥堵和空气污染。

地铁具有安全、快捷和舒适的优点。越来越多的人选择地铁作为每天上班或上学的主要交通工具。如今，在中国乘坐地铁正变得越来越方便。在有些城市里，乘客只需用卡或手机就可以乘坐地铁。许多当地老年市民还可以免费乘坐地铁。

Part Ⅰ Writing

The Importance of Speaking Ability and How to Develop It

As we all know, proficiency in speaking is necessary for us to become well-rounded However, the capacity to put words together in a meaningful way to reflect thoughts, opinions, and feelings is not something we"re born with but needs some techniques and

Firstly, build confidence and concentrate on getting our message across, which help us gain the attention of the audience Secondly, experiment with the things we know well instead of challenging ourselves with difficult words since fluency appears more important during oral Lastly, create some opportunities to practice like narrating our daily life to ourselves or maintaining a regular chat with

To sum up, only by being confident enough and using efficient methods can we enhance our speaking Follow the steps to improve our speaking skills in order to achieve a higher standard in

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

说明：由于20XX年6月四级考试全国共考了两套听力, 本套真题听力与前两套内容相同, 只是选项顺序不同, 因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35: CLFJE GIBKH

36-45: FCIEB KHDAG

46-55: ABCDB DCBDA

Part IV Translation

In recent years, more and more cities in China have begun to build The development of subways can help reduce traffic congestion and air pollution in The subway has the advantages of safety, speed and More and more people choose the subway as the main means of transportation to work or school every Nowadays, it is becoming more and more convenient to take the subway in In some cities, passengers can use a card or a mobile phone to take the Many local elderly citizens can also take the subway for

四级英语真题 第7篇

Part Ⅰ Writing

A Visit to Fanhai Hope Elementary SchoolReceived a Warm Welcome

A two-day visit to Fanhai Hope Elementary School organized by the Student Union ofour university has been completed as scheduled this

Aiming at fostering college students" service awareness and helping pupils of ruralareas better understand the colorful college life so as to motivate them to studyharder, the Student Union organized an activity named A Trip of Love A team of30 college students" participated in this The visit was warmly welcomed by all thestudents and staff of Fanhai, followed by a range of colorful activities, such as theinteraction among students about the fascinating college life, a visit to the school artshow of students" works of painting and handicraft and teaching activities focusing onshowing the magical science world to the

Both the pupils and our college students were actively involved in all these And the headmaster of Fanhai spoke highly of this trip as well as thedevotion, enthusiasm and creativity of our

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

B

D

C

A

D

B

C

D

C

B

A

B

C

D

A

C

D

B

A

B

A

D

C

A

B

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35：CIKJA BOGFM

36-45：HEGBK FIHGJ

46-55：DCBDA BCABD

Part IV Translation

Lanterns originated in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and were at first used primarily In the Tang Dynasty, people used red lanterns to celebrate a stable Sincethen, lanterns have became popular in many parts of Lanterns are usually madeof brightly-colored tissue paper in a variety of shapes and In traditional Chineseculture, red lanterns symbolize a happy life and flourishing business, usually hungduring festivals like the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival and National Today, redlanterns can be seen in many other parts of the

四级英语真题 第8篇

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just

News Report 2

Romania"s wetlands are coming back to life, thanks to help from local communities, the World Wildlife Fund and funding from the European Roughly 2,224 acres of the picturesque Danube Delta – home to 300 species of birds – have filled with The land has been connected to the network of lakes and streams in the "A lot of birds have migrated to the area and one doesn"t need to travel long hours anymore or go to other lakes to watch the birds, " says Ion Meuta, Deputy Mayor of The area around Mahmudia, which is a UNESCO World Heritage site, is the third-most biodiverse in the world, after Australia"s Great Barrier Reef and the Galapagos Groups used earth-moving equipment to restore the Government officials proposed to protect the area"s endangered wild fish by issuing a fishing ban over the next

Questions 3 to 4 are based on the passage you have just

What is the news report mainly about?

What did government"s officials propose to do to protect the endangered fish?

四级英语真题 第9篇

听力真题

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just

A) The return of a bottled message to its owner"s

B) A New Hampshire man"s joke with friends on his

C) A father"s message for his

D) The history of a century-old

A) She wanted to show gratitude for his

B) She wanted to honor her father"s

C) She had been asked by her father to do

D) She was excited to see her father"s

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just

A) People were concerned about the number of

B) Several cases of Zika disease had been

C) Two million bees were infected with

D) Zika virus had destroyed some bee

A) It apologized to its  

B) It was forced to kill its

C) It lost a huge stock of

D) It lost million

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just

A) It stayed in the air for about two

B) It took off and landed on a football

C) It proved to be of high commercial

D) It made a series of sharp turns in the

A) Engineering  

B) The air pollution it

C) Inadequate  

D) The opposition from the

A) It uses the latest aviation  

B) It flies faster than a commercial

C) It is a safer means of

D) It is more environmentally

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long At the end of each conversation, you will hear four Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just

A) It seems a depressing  

B) It sounds quite

C) It has little impact on our daily  

D) It is getting more serious these

A) The man doesn"t understand

B) The woman doesn"t really like

C) They don"t want something too

D) They can"t make it to the theatre in

A) It would be more fun without Whitehead

B) It has too many acts to hold the audience"s

C) It is the most amusing show he has ever

D) It is a show inappropriate for a night of

A) Watch a  

B) Go and see the

C) Book the tickets  

D) See a film with the

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just

A) Most of her schoolmates are younger than she

B) She simply has no idea what school to transfer

C) There are too many activities for her to cope

D) She worries she won"t fit in as a transfer

A) Seek advice from senior

B) Pick up some meaningful

C) Participate in after-school

D) Look into what the school

A) Give her help whenever she needs

B) Accept her as a transfer

C) Find her accommodation on

D) Introduce her to her

A) She has interests similar to Lee"

B) She has become friends with

C) She has chosen the major Catherine

D) She has just transferred to the

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just

A) To investigate how being overweight impacts on

B) To find out which physical drive is the most

C) To discover what most mice like to

D) To determine what feelings mice

A) When they are

B) When they are

C) When they smell

D) When they want

A) They search for food in

B) They are overweight when food is

C) They prefer to be with other

D) They enjoy the company of other

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just

A) Its construction started before World War

B) Its construction cost more than $ 40

C) It is efficiently used for

D) It is one of the best in the

A) To improve transportation in the

B) To move troops quickly from place to

C) To enable people to travel at a higher

D) To speed up the transportation of

A) In the

B) In the  

C) In the  

D) In the

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just

A) Chatting while  

B) Messaging while

C) Driving under  

D) Speeding on

A) A gadget to hold a phone on the steering

B) A gadget to charge the phone in a

C) A device to control the speed of a

D) A device to ensure people drive with both

A) The car keeps flashing its

B) The car slows down gradually to a

C) They are alerted with a light and a

D) They get a warning on their smart

A) Installing a  

B) Using a connected

C) Checking their  

D) Keeping a daily

听力答案

A) The return of a bottled message to its owner"s

B) She wanted to honor her father"s

B) Several cases of Zika disease had been

C) It lost a huge stock of

A) It stayed in the air for about two

C) Inadequate

D) It is more environmentally

A) It seems a depressing

D) They can"t make it to the theatre in

C) It is the most amusing show he has ever

B) Go and see the

D) She worries she won"t fit in as a transfer

C) Participate in after-school

A) Give her help whenever she needs

D) She has just transferred to the

B) To find out which physical drive is the most

A) When they are

C) They prefer to be with other

D) It is one of the best in the

B) To move troops quickly from place to

A) In the

B) Messaging while

D) A device to ensure people drive with both

C) They are alerted with a light and a

B) Using a connected

四级英语真题 第10篇

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180

Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only After each question there will be a During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

A) See a doctor about her strained

B) Use a ladder to help her reach the

C) Replace the cupboard with a new

D) Place the tea on a lower shelf next

A) At Mary Johnson’ C) In an exhibition

B) At a painter’s D) Outside an art

A) The teacher evaluated lacks teaching

B) She does not quite agree with what the man

C) The man had better talk with the students

D) New students usually cannot offer a fair

A) He helped Doris build up the

B) Doris helped him arrange the

C) Doris fixed up some of the

D) He was good at assembling

A) He doesn’t get on with the C) He has been taken for a

B) He doesn’t feel at ease in the D) He has found a better

A) They should finish the work as soon as

B) He will continue to work in the garden

C) He is tired of doing gardening on

D) They can hire a gardener to do the

A) The man has to get rid of the used

B) The man’s apartment is ready for

C) The furniture is covered with lots of

D) The furniture the man bought is

A) The man will give the mechanic a

B) The woman is waiting for a

C) The woman is doing some

D) The man knows the mechanic very

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just

A) She had a job interview to

B) She was busy finishing her

C) She had to attend an important

D) She was in the middle of writing an

A) Accompany her roommate to the

B) Hand in her roommate’s application

C) Submit her roommate’s

D) Help her roommate with her

A) Where Ellis’s office is C) Directions to the classroom

B) When Ellis leaves his D) Ellis’s schedule for the

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just

A) He finds it rather C) He can handle it quite

B) He is thinking of quitting D) He has to work extra

A) The 6:00 C) The 7:00

B) The 6:30 D) The 7:30

A) It is an awful waste of

B) He finds it rather

C) The time on the train is

D) It is something difficult to get used

A) Reading C) Listening to the daily

B) Chatting with D) Planning the day’s

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short At the end of each passage, you will hear some Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Passage One

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just

A) Ignore small details while

B) Read at least several chapters at one

C) Develop a habit of reading

D) Get key information by reading just once or

A) Choose one’s own system of

B) Underline the key words and

C) Make as few marks as

D) Highlight details in a red

A) By reading the textbooks carefully

B) By reviewing only the marked

C) By focusing on the notes in the

D) By comparing notes with their

Passage Two

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just

A) The sleep a person needs varies from day to

B) The amount of sleep for each person is

C) One can get by with a couple of hours of

D) Everybody needs some sleep for

A) It is a made-up C) It is a rare

B) It is beyond D) It is due to an

A) His extraordinary physical

B) His mother’s injury just before his

C) The unique surroundings of his living

D) The rest he got from sitting in a rocking

Passage Three

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just

A) She invested in stocks and shares on Wall

B) She learned to write for financial

C) She developed a strong interest in

D) She tenderly looked after her sick

A) She made a wise investment in real

B) She sold the restaurant with a substantial

C) She got million dollars from her

D) She inherited a big fortune from her

A) She was extremely mean with her

B) She was dishonest in business

C) She frequently ill-treated her

D) She abused animals including her pet

A) She made a big fortune from wise

B) She built a hospital with her mother’s

C) She made huge donations to

D) She carried on her family’s

Section C

Direction: In the section, you will hear a passage three When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Among the kinds of social gestures most significant for second-language teachers are those which are (26)______ in form but different in meaning in the two For example, a Colombian who wants someone to (27)______ him often signals with a hand movement in which all the fingers of one hand, cupped, point downward as they move rapidly (28) Speakers or English have a similar gesture through the hand may not be cupped and the fingers may be held more loosely, but for them the gesture means goodbye or go away, quite the (29)______ of the Colombian Again, in Colombian, a speaker of English would have to know that when he (30)________ height he most choose between different gestures depending on whether he is (31)_______ a human being or an If he keeps the palm of the hand (32)_________ the floor, as he would in his own culture when making known the height of a child, for example, he will very likely be greeted by laughter, in Colombia this gesture is (33)_________ for the description of In order to describe human beings he should keep the palm of his hand (34)_________ to the Substitutions of one gesture for the other often create not only humorous but also (35)________ In both of the examples above, speakers from two different cultures have the same gesture, physically, but its meaning differs

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the Read the passage through carefully before making your Each choice in the bank is identified by a Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the You may not use any of the words in the bank more than

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following

Many Brazilians cannot In 20XX, a quarter of those aged 15 and older were functionally illiterate (文盲). Many 36 do not want Only one literate adult in three reads The 37 Brazilian reads non-academic books a year, less than half the figure in Europe and the United In a recent survey .of reading habits, Brazilians came 27th out of 30 Argentines, their neighbors, 38

The government and businesses are all struggling in different ways to change On March 13 the government 39 a National Plan for Books and This seeks to boost reading, by founding libraries and financing publishers among other

One discouragement to reading is that books are 40 . Most books have small print-runs, pushing up their

But Brazilians" indifference to books has deeper Centuries of slavery meant the counties leaders long 41 Primary schooling became universal only in the

All this me Brazil’s book market has the biggest growth 42 in the western

But reading is a difficult habit to Brazilians bought fewer books in 20XX, 89 million, including textbooks 43 by the government, than they did in Last year the director of Brazil"s national library 44 . He complained that he had half the librarians he needed and termites (白蚁） had eaten much of the 45 . That ought to be a cause for national

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A)average

B)collection

C)distributed

D)exhibition

E)expensive

F)launched

G)named

H)neglected

I) normal

J) particularly

K) potential

L) quit

M) ranked

N) simply

O) treasured

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is You may choose a paragraph more than Each paragraph is marked with a Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet

The Touch-Screen Generation

A) On a chilly day last spring, a few dozen developers of children’s apps（应用程序）for phones and tablets（平板电脑）gathered at an old beach resort in Monterey, California, to show off their The gathering was organized by Warren Buckleitner, a longtime reviewer of interactive children’s Buckleitner spent the breaks testing whether his own remote-control helicopter could reach the hall"s second story, while various children who had come with their parents looked up in awe（敬畏）and But mostly they looked down, at the iPads and other tablets displayed around the hall like so many open boxes of I walked around and talked with developers, and several quoted a famous saying of Maria Montessori’s, “The hands are the instruments of man’s ”

B) What, really, would Maria Montessori have made of this scene? The 30 or so children here were not down at the shore poking（戳）their fingers in the sand or running them along stones or picking Instead they were all inside, alone or in groups of two or three, their faces a few inches from a screen, their hands doing things Montessori surely did not

C) In 20XX, the American Academy of Pediatrics updated its policy on very young children and In 1999, the group had discouraged television viewing for children younger than 2, citing research on brain development that showed this age group’s critical need for “direct interactions with parents and other significant care ” The updated report began by acknowledging that things had changed significantly since In 20XX, 90% of parents said that their children younger than 2 consumed some form of electronic Nevertheless, the group took largely the same approach it did in 1999, uniformly discouraging passive media use, on any type of screen, for these (For older children, the academy noted, “high-quality programs” could have “educational ”) The 20XX report mentioned “smart cell phone” and “new screen” technologies, but did not address interactive Nor did it bring up the possibility that has likely occurred to those 90% of American parents that some good mightcome from those little swiping（在电子产品上刷）

D) I had come to the developers’ conference partly because I hoped that this particular set of parents, enthusiastic as they were about interactive media, might help me out of this problem, that they might offer some guiding principle for American parents who are clearly never going to meet the academy’s ideals, and at some level do not want Perhaps this group would be able to express clearly some benefits of the new technology that the more cautious doctors weren’t ready to

E) I fell into conversation with a woman who had helped develop Montessori Letter Sounds, an app that teaches preschoolers the Montessori methods of She was a former Montessori teacher and a mother of I myself have three children who are all fans of the touch What games did her kids like to play, I asked, hoping for suggestions I could take

“They don’t play all that ”

Really? Why not?

“Because I don’t allow We have a rule of no screen time during the week, unless it’s clearly

”

No screen time? None at all? That seems at the outer edge of restrictive, even by the standards of

overcontrolling

“On the weekends, they can I give them a limit of half an hour and then ”

F) Her answer so surprised me that I decided to ask some of the other developers who were also parents what their domestic ground rules for screen time One said only on airplanes and long car Another said Wednesdays and weekends, for half an The most permissive said half an hour a day, which was about my rule at At one point I sat with one of the biggest developers of e-book apps for kids, and his The small kid was starting to fuss in her high chair, so the mom stuck an iPad in front of her and played a short movie so everyone else could enjoy their When she saw me watching, she gave me the universal tense look of mothers who feel they are being “At home,” she assured me, “I only let her watch movies in ’’

G) By their reactions, these parents made me understand the problem of our age: as technology becomes almost everywhere in our American parents are becoming more, not less, distrustful of what it might be doing to their Technological ability has not, for parents, translated into comfort and On the one hand, parents want their children to swim expertly in the digital stream that they will have to navigate（航行）all their lives; on the other hand, they fear that too much digital media, too early, will sink Parents end up treating tablets as precision surgical（外科的）instruments, devices that might perform miracles for their child"s IQ and help him win some great robotics competition—but only if they are used just Otherwise, their child could end up one of those sad, pale creatures who can’t make eye contact and has a girlfriend who lives only in the virtual

H) Norman Rockwell, a 20th-century artist, never painted Boy Swiping Finger on Screen, and our own vision of a perfect childhood has never been adjusted to accommodate that now-common Add to that our modern fear that every parenting decision may have lasting consequences - that every minute of enrichment lost or mindless entertainment indulged（放纵的）will add up to some permanent handicap（障碍）in the future—and you have deep guilt and To date, no body of research has proved that the iPad will make your preschooler smarter or teach her to speak Chinese, or alternatively that it will rust her nervous system the device has been out for only three years, not much more than the time it takes some academics to find funding and gather research So what is a parent to do?

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

The author attended the conference, hoping to find some guiding principles for parenting in the electronic

American parents are becoming more doubtful about the benefits technology is said to bring to their

Some experts believe that human intelligence develops by the use of

The author found a former Montessori teacher exercising strict control over her kids, screen

Research shows interaction with people is key to babies’ brain

So far there has been no scientific proof of the educational benefits of

American parents worry that overuse of tablets will create problems with their kids’ interpersonal

The author expected developers of children"s apps to specify the benefits of the new

The kids at the gathering were more fascinated by the iPads than by the

The author permits her children to use the screen for at most half an hour a

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following

When young women were found to make only 82 percent of what their male peers do just one year out of college, many were at a loss to explain

All the traditional reasons put forward to interpret the pay gap—that women fall behind when they leave the workforce to raise kids, for example, or that they don’t seek as many management roles—failed to justify this These young women didn’t have kids And because they were just one year removed from their undergraduate degrees, few of these women yet had the chance to go after (much less decline) leadership

But there are other reasons why the pay gap remains so The first is that no matter how many women may be getting college degrees, the university experience is still an unequal The second is that our higher education system is not designed to focus on the economic consequences of our students’ years on

Now that women arc the majority of college students and surpass men in both the number of undergraduate and advanced degrees awarded, one might think the college campus is a pretty equal It is Studies show that while girls do better than boys in high school, they start to trail off during their college They enroll in different kinds of classes, tend to major in less rigorous（非常严格的）subjects, and generally head off with less ambitious

As a result, it"s not surprising that even the best educated young women enter the workplace with a slight Their college experience leaves them somewhat confused, still stumbling（栽倒）over the dilemmas their grandmothers" generation sought to Are they supposed to be pretty or smart? Strong or sexy（性感的）? All their lives, today"s young women have been pushed to embrace both perfection and passion to pursue science and sports, math and theater and do it all as well as they possibly No wonder they are not negotiating for higher salaries as soon as they get out of They are too exhausted, and too scared of

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

Traditionally, it is believed that women earn less than men

A) they have failed to take as many rigorous courses

B) they do not feel as fit for management roles

C) they feel obliged to take care of their kids at home

D) they do not exhibit the needed leadership qualities

What does the author say about America"s higher education system?

A) It does not offer specific career counseling to

B) It does not consider its economic impact on

C) It does not take care of women students" special

D) It does not encourage women to take rigorous

What does the author say about today"s college experience?

A) It is different for male and female

B) It is not the same as that of earlier

C) It is more exhausting than most women

D) It is not so satisfying to many American

What does the author say about women students in college?

A) They have no idea how to bring out their

B) They drop a course when they find it too

C) They are not as practical as men in choosing

D) They don"t perform as well as they did in high

How does the author explain the pay gap between men and women fresh from college?

A) Women arc too worn out to be

B) Women are not ready to take management

C) Women are caught between career and

D) Women are not good at negotiating

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following

Reading leadership literature, you’d sometimes think that everyone has the potential to be an effective

I don’t believe that to be In fact, I sec way fewer truly effective leaders than I see people stuck in positions of leadership who arc sadly incompetent and seriously misguided about their own

Part of the reason this happens is a lack of honest self-assessment by those who aspire to (追求）leadership in the first

We"ve all met the type of individual who simply must take Whether it"s a decision-making session, a basketball game, or a family outing, they can"t help grabbing the lead dog position and clinging on to it for dear They believe they"re natural born

Truth is, they"re nothing of the True leaders don"t assume that it"s their divine（神圣的）right to take charge every time two or more people get Quite the A great leader will assess each situation on its merits, and will only take charge when their position, the situation, and or the needs of the moment demand

Many business executives confuse leadership with They believe that constant motion somehow generates leadership as a Faced with any situation that can’t be solved by the sheer force of activity, they generate a dust cloud of Their one leadership tool is volume: if they think you aren"t working as hard as they think you should, their demands become increasingly louder and

True leaders understand the value of action, of course, but it isn’t their only In fact, it isn’t ever their primary Great leaders see more than everyone else: answers, solutions, patterns, problems, They know it’s vitally important to do, but they also know that thinking, understanding, reflection and interpretation are equally

If you"re too concerned with outcomes to the extent that you manipulate and intimidate others to achieve those outcomes, then you aren"t leading at all, you"re A true leader is someone who develops his or her team so that they can and do hit their targets and achieve their

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。

What does the author think of the leaders he knows?

A) Many of them are used to taking

B) Few of them are equal to their

C) Many of them fail to fully develop their

D) Few of them are familiar with leadership

Why are some people eager to grab leadership positions?

A) They believe they have the natural gift to

B) They believe in what leadership literature

C) They have proved competent in many

D They derive great satisfaction from being

What characterizes a great leader according to the author?

A) Being able to take prompt action when chances present

B) Having a whole-hearted dedication to their divine

C) Having a full understanding of their own merits and

D) Being able to assess the situation carefully before taking

How will many business executives respond when their command fails to generate action?

A) They reassess the situation at C) They resort to any tool

B) They become impatient and D) They blame their team

What is the author’s advice to leaders?

A) Concentrate on one specific task at a

B) Use different tools to achieve different

C) Build up a strong team to achieve their

D) Show determination when faced with tough

Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into You should write your answer on Answer Sheet

中国应进一步发展核能，因为核电目前只占其总发电量的2%。该比例在所有核国家中居第3 0位，几乎是最低的。

20XX年3月日本核电站事故后，中国的核能开发停了下来，中止审批新的核电站，并开展全国性的核安全险查。到20XX年10月，审批才又谨慎地恢复。

随着技术和安全措施的改进，发生核事故的可能性完全可以降到最低程度。换句话说，核能是可以安全开发和利用的。

四级英语真题 第11篇

Section A News Report

Directions：
In this section, you will hear threenews At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three Both thenews report and the questions will be spokenonly After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just

A) The number of male nurses has gone

B) There is discrimination against male

C) There is a growing shortage of medical

D) The number of nurses has dropped to a record

A) Working

B) Educational

C) Inadequate

D) Cultural

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just

A) He fell out of a

B) He was almost

C) He lost his way on a

D) He enjoyed swimming in the

A) The lifeboats patrol the area round the

B) The beach is a good place to watch the

C) The emergency services are

D) The beach is a popular tourist

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just

A) It climbed 25 storeys at one

B) It broke into an office

C) It escaped from a local

D) It became an online

A) Release it into the

B) Return it to its

C) Send it back to the

D) Give it a physical

A) A racoon can perform acts no human

B) A racoon can climb much higher than a

C) The racoon did something no politician

D) The raccoon became as famous as some

Section B Conversation

Directions：
In this section, you will hear two long At the end of eachconversations you will hear four Both the conversations and the question-s willbe spoken only After you hear a You must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just

A) She received a bonus

B) She got a well-paying job in a

C She received her first monthly

D) She got a pay raise for her

A) Two decades

B) Several years

C) Just last

D) Right after

A) He sent a small check to his

B) He treated his parents to a nice

C) He took a few of his friends to a

D) He immediately deposited it in a

A) Join her colleagues for gym

B) Visit her former university

C) Buy some professional

D) Budget her salary

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just

A) He has just too many things to attend

B) He has been overworked

C) He has a difficult decision to

D) He has just quarreled with his

A) Turn to his girlfriend for

B) Give priority to things more

C) Think twice before making the

D) Seek advice from his family and

A) His girlfriend does not support his

B) He is not particularly keen on the job

C) He lacks the money for his doctoral

D) His parents and advisor have different

A)They need time to make

B) They haven"t started their careers

C) They need to save enough money for

D) They haven"t won their parents"

Section C Passage

Directions：
In this section, you will hear three At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four Both the passage and the questions will be spokenonly After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just

A) Expressing ideas and opinions

B) Enriching social and intellectual

C) Acquiring information and professional

D) Using information to understand and solve

A) Traveling to different places in the

B) Playing games that challenge one"s

C) Improving mind-reading

D) Reading classic scientific

A) Participate in debates or

B) Expose themselves to different

C) Discard personal biases and

D) Give others freedom to express

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just

A) Why dogs can be faithful friends of

B) The nature of relationships between

C) The reason a great many people love

D) How dogs feel about their bonds with

A) They behave like other animals in many

B) They have an unusual sense of

C) They can respond to humans"

D) They can fall in love just like

A) They stay with one partner for

B) They have their own joys and

C) They experience true romantic

D) They help humans in various

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just

A) A rare

B) A historical

C) A cow

D) A precious

A) Dating

B) Preserving

C) Measuring

D) Identifying

A) The channel needs to interview the

B) The boy should have called an

C) The boy"s family had acted

D) The site should have been

A) Conduct a more detailed

B) Ask the university to reward

C) Search for similar fossils

D) Seek additional funds for the

四级英语真题 第12篇

Part Ⅰ Writing

Mutual Understanding Is Most Important

When we talk about the relationship between doctors and patients, what comes into mymind is generally negative However, I believe there is a way for doctors andpatients to get along harmoniously—that is mutual

On the one hand, patients are helpless and worried when they go to Sodoctor"s attitude or response is critically important for them and their On theother hand, doctors have to face so many patients every day that they even have no timeto take a Such a high intensity of work could drive a man Thus, if they canstand in each other"s shoes, most problems could be Otherwise, a doctor"s briefconclusion about the condition of patients might be regarded as cold blood and result

Nowadays, much effort has been made to case the tension of But I think the most effective one is mutual understanding and

Part II Listening Comprehension

说明：由于20XX年12月四级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前两套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35：GLFOC EMNJB

36-45：HDOMB LKJGF

46-55：BADCA CCBDA

Part IV Translation

Located in southern Anhui province in eastern China, Huangshan is known for its uniquenatural scenery, particularly sunrises and sea of To appreciate the magnificenceof the mountain, you have to look upward in most cases; while to enjoy the fascinatinglandscape of Huangshan, you"ve got to look The humid climate of the areaoffers favorable conditions for tea trees to grow, which makes the surrounding area ofHuangshan one of the major producers of The mountain is also home to numeroushot springs, which are helpful for preventing skin As one of the top touristdestinations in China, Huangshan represents the most popular theme of photographicworks and traditional Chinese

四级英语真题 第13篇

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend whowants to learn Please recommend a place to You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

t II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

听力音频MP3文件，点击进入听力真题页面

Section A News Report

Directions：
In this section, you will hear three news At the end of each newsreport, you will hear two or three Both the news report and the questions willbe spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just

A) The number of male nurses has gone

B) There is discrimination against male

C) There is a growing shortage of medical

D) The number of nurses has dropped to a record

A) Working

B) Educational

C) Inadequate

D) Cultural

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just

A) He fell out of a

B) He was almost

C) He lost his way on a

D) He enjoyed swimming in the

A) The lifeboats patrol the area round the

B) The beach is a good place to watch the

C) The emergency services are

D) The beach is a popular tourist

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just

A) It climbed 25 storeys at one

B) It broke into an office

C) It escaped from a local

D) It became an online

A) Release it into the

B) Return it to its

C) Send it back to the

D) Give it a physical

A) A racoon can perform acts no human

B) A racoon can climb much higher than a

C) The racoon did something no politician

D) The raccoon became as famous as some

Section B Conversation

Directions：
In this section, you will hear two long At the end of eachconversations you will hear four Both the conversations and the question-s willbe spoken only After you hear a You must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just

A) She received a bonus

B) She got a well-paying job in a

C She received her first monthly

D) She got a pay raise for her

A) Two decades

B) Several years

C) Just last

D) Right after

A) He sent a small check to his

B) He treated his parents to a nice

C) He took a few of his friends to a

D) He immediately deposited it in a

A) Join her colleagues for gym

B) Visit her former university

C) Buy some professional

D) Budget her salary

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just

A) He has just too many things to attend

B) He has been overworked

C) He has a difficult decision to

D) He has just quarreled with his

A) Turn to his girlfriend for

B) Give priority to things more

C) Think twice before making the

D) Seek advice from his family and

A) His girlfriend does not support his

B) He is not particularly keen on the job

C) He lacks the money for his doctoral

D) His parents and advisor have different

A)They need time to make

B) They haven"t started their careers

C) They need to save enough money for

D) They haven"t won their parents"

Section C Passage

Directions：
In this section, you will hear three At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four Both the passage and the questions will be spokenonly After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just

A) Expressing ideas and opinions

B) Enriching social and intellectual

C) Acquiring information and professional

D) Using information to understand and solve

A) Traveling to different places in the

B) Playing games that challenge one"s

C) Improving mind-reading

D) Reading classic scientific

A) Participate in debates or

B) Expose themselves to different

C) Discard personal biases and

D) Give others freedom to express

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just

A) Why dogs can be faithful friends of

B) The nature of relationships between

C) The reason a great many people love

D) How dogs feel about their bonds with

A) They behave like other animals in many

B) They have an unusual sense of

C) They can respond to humans"

D) They can fall in love just like

A) They stay with one partner for

B) They have their own joys and

C) They experience true romantic

D) They help humans in various

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just

A) A rare

B) A historical

C) A cow

D) A precious

A) Dating

B) Preserving

C) Measuring

D) Identifying

A) The channel needs to interview the

B) The boy should have called an

C) The boy"s family had acted

D) The site should have been

A) Conduct a more detailed

B) Ask the university to reward

C) Search for similar fossils

D) Seek additional funds for the

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passagewith ten You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choicesgiven in a word bank following the Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your Each choice in the bank is identified by a Please mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the You maynot use any of the words in the bank more than

Finally, some good news about airplane If you are on a plane with a sickpassenger, you are unlikely to get That is the __26__ of a new study that lookedat how respiratory (呼吸道) viruses __27__ on Researchers found that onlypeople who were seated in the same row as a passenger with the flu, for example -- orone row in front of or behind that individual -- had a high risk of catching the Allother passengers had only a very __28__ chance of getting sick, according to Media reports have not necessarily presented __29__ information about the riskof getting infected on an airplane in the Therefore, these new findings should helpairplane passengers to feel less __30__ to catching respiratory infections while travelingby

Prior to the new study, little was known about the risks of getting __31__ infected bycommon respiratory viruses, such as the flu or common cold, on an airplane, theresearchers So, to __32__ the risks of infection, the study team flew on 10 different __33__ in the during the flu The researchers found thatpassengers sitting within two seats on __34__ side of a person infected with the flu, aswell as those sitting one row in front of or behind this individual, had about an 80 percent chance of getting But other passengers were __35__ safe from They had a less than 3 percent chance of catching the

A) accurate

B) conclusion

C) directly

D) either

E) evaluate

F) explorations

G) flights

H) largely

I) nearby

J) respond

K) slim

L) spread

M) summit

N) vividly

O) vulnerable

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statementsattached to Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphsIdentify the paragraph from which the information is You may choose aparagraph more than Each paragraph is marked with a Answer the questionsby marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet

Is Breakfast Really the Most Important Meal of the Day?

A) Along with old classics like "carrots give you night vision" and "Santa doesn"t bringtoys to misbehaving children", one of the most well-worn phrases of tired parentseverywhere is that breakfast is the most important meal of the Many of us grow upbelieving that skipping breakfast is a serious mistake, even if only two thirds of adults inthe UK eat breakfast regularly, according to the British Dietetic Association, and aroundthree-quarters of

B) "The body uses a lot of energy stores for growth and repair through the night," explains diet specialist Sarah "Eating a balanced breakfast helps to up our energy, as well as make up for protein and calcium used throughout the " But there"swidespread disagreement over whether breakfast should keep its top spot in thehierarchy (等级) of There have been concerns around the sugar content of cerealand the food industry"s involvement in pro-breakfast research -- and even one claimfrom an academic that breakfast is "dangerous".

C) What"s the reality? Is breakfast a necessary start to the day or a marketing tactic bycereal companies? The most researched aspect of breakfast(and breakfast-skipping) hasbeen its links to Scientists have different theories as to why there"s arelationship between the In one US study that analysed the health data of 50,000 people over seven years, researchers found that those who made breakfast the largestmeal of the day were more likely to have a lower body mass index (BMI) than those whoate a large lunch or The researchers argued that breakfast helps reduce dailycalorie intake and improve the quality of our diet -- since breakfast foods are oftenhigher in fibre and

D) But as with any study of this kind, it was unclear if that was the cause -- or ifbreakfast-skippers were just more likely to be overweight to begin To find out, researchers designed a study in which 52 obese women took part in a 12-week weightloss All had the same number of calories over the day, but half hadbreakfast, while the other half did What they found was that it wasn"t breakfast itselfthat caused the participants to lose weight: it was changing their normal

E) If breakfast alone isn"t a guarantee of weight loss, why is there a link betweenobesity and breakfast-skipping? Alexandra Johnstone, professor of appetite research atthe University of Aberdeen, argues that it may simply be because breakfast-skippershave been found to be less knowledgeable about nutrition and "There are a lotof studies on the relationship between breakfast eating and possible health outcomes, but this may be because those who eat breakfast choose to habitually have health-enhancing behaviours such as regular exercise and not smoking," she

F) A 20XX review of 10 studies looking into the relationship between breakfast andweight management concluded there is "limited evidence" supporting or refuting (反驳) the argument that breakfast influences weight or food intake, and more evidence isrequired before breakfast recommendations can be used to help prevent

G) Researches from the University of Surrey and University of Aberdeen are halfwaythrough research looking into the mechanisms behind how the time we eat influencesbody Early findings suggest that a bigger breakfast is beneficial to Breakfast has been found to affect more than just Skipping breakfasthas been associated with a 27% increased risk of heart disease, a 21% higher risk oftype 2 diabetes in men, and a 20% higher risk of type 2 diabetes in Onereason may be breakfast"s nutritional value -- partly because cereal is fortified (增加营养价值) with In one study on the breakfast habits of 1,600 young people in theUK, researchers found that the fibre and micronutrient intake was better in those whohad breakfast There have been similar findings in Australia, Brazil, Canada andthe

H) Breakfast is also associated with improved brain function, including concentrationand language A review of 54 studies found that eating breakfast can improvememory, though the effects on other brain functions were However, oneof the review"s researchers, Mary Beth Spitznagel, says there is "reasonable" evidencebreakfast does improve concentration -- there just needs to be more "Lookingat studies that tested concentration, the number of studies showing a benefit wasexactly the same as the number that found no benefit," she "And no studies foundthat eating breakfast was bad for "

I) What"s most important, some argue, is what we eat for High-proteinbreakfasts have been found particularly effective in reducing the longing for food andconsumption later in the day, according to research by the Australian CommonwealthScientific and Industrial Research While cereal remains a firm favouriteamong breakfast consumers in the UK and US, a recent investigation into the sugarcontent of "adult" breakfast cereals found that some cereals contain more than three-quarters of the recommended daily amount of free sugars in each portion, and sugarwas the second or third highest ingredient in

J) But some research suggests if we"re going to eat sugary foods, it"s best to do it One study recruited 200 obese adults to take part in a 16-week-long diet, where halfadded dessert to their breakfast, and half didn" Those who added dessert lost anaverage of 40 pounds more -- however, the study was unable to show the A review of 54 studies found that there is no consensus yet on what type ofbreakfast is healthier, and concluded that the type of breakfast doesn"t matter as muchas simply eating

K) While there"s no conclusive evidence on exactly what we should be eating andwhen, the consensus is that we should listen to our own bodies and eat when we" "Breakfast is most important for people who are hungry when they wake up," Johnstone "Each body starts the day differently -- and those individual differencesneed to be researched more closely," Spitznagel "A balanced breakfast is reallyhelpful, but getting regular meals throughout the day is more important to leave bloodsugar stable through the day, which helps control weight and hunger levels," "Breakfast isn"t the only meal we should be getting "

According to one professor, obesity is related to a lack of basic awareness ofnutrition and

Some scientists claim that people should consume the right kind of food

Opinions differ as to whether breakfast is the most important meal of the

It has been found that not cating breakfast is related to the incidence of certaindiseases in some

Researchers found it was a change in eating habits rather than breakfast itself thatinduced weight

To keep oneself healthy, eating breakfast is more important than choosing what

It is widely considered wrong not to eat

More research is needed to prove that breakfast is related to weight loss or

Pecople who prioritise breakfasts tend to have lower calorie but higher

Many studies reveal that eating breakfast helps people memorise and

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three When the passage isread for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general the passageis read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact wordsyou have just Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you shouldcheck what you have

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following

Textbooks represent an 11 billion dollar industry, up from $8 billion in Textbookpublisher Pearson is the largest publisher -- of any kind -- in the

It costs about $1 million to create a new A freshman textbook will have dozensof contributors, from subject-matter experts through graphic and layout artists to expertreviewers and classroom Textbook publishers connect professors, instructors andstudents in ways that alternatives, such as open e-textbooks and open educationalresources, simply do This connection happens not only by means of collaborativedevelopment, review and testing, but also at conferences where faculty regularly decideon their textbooks and curricula for the coming

It is true that textbook publishers have recently reported losses, largely due to studentsrenting or buying used print But this can be chalked up to the excessivelyhigh cost of their books -- which has increased over 1,000 percent since Arestructuring of the textbook industry may well be in But this does not mean theend of the textbook

While they may not be as dynamic as an iPad, textbooks are not passive or Forexample, over the centuries, they have simulated (模拟) dialogues in a number of From 1800 to the present day, textbooks have done this by posing questions for studentsto answer inductively (归纳性地). That means students are asked to use their individualexperience to come up with answers to general Today"s psychology texts, forexample, ask: "How much of your personality do you think you inherited?" while ones inphysics say: "How can you predict where the ball you tossed will land?"

Experts observe that "textbooks come in layers, something like an " For an activelearner, engaging with a textbook can be an interactive Readers proceed attheir own They "customize" their books by engaging with different layers Highlighting, Post-It notes, dog-ears and other techniques allow for furthercustomization that students value in print books over digital forms of

What does the passage say about open educational resources?

A) They contribute to teaching as much as to

B) They don"t profit as much as traditional textbooks

C) They can"t connect professors and students as textbooks

D) They compete fercely for customers with textbook

What is the main cause of the publishers" losses?

A) Failure to meet student

B) Industry

C) Emergence of

D) Flling

What does the textbook industry need to do?

A) Reform its

B) Cut its retail

C) Find replacements for printed

D) Change its business strategy

What are students expected to do in the learning process?

A) Think carefully before answering each

B) Ask questions based on their own

C) Answer questions using their personal

D) Give answers showing their respective

What do experts say about students using textbooks?

A) They can digitalize the prints

B) They can leam in an interactive

C) They can purchase custonized

D) They can adapt the material

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following

When we think of animals and plants, we have a pretty good way of dividing them intotwo distinct groups: one converts sunlight into energy and the other has to eat food tomake its Well, those dividing lines come crashing down with the discovery of asea slug (海蛞蝓) that"s truly half animal and half It"s pretty incredible how it hasmanaged to hijack the genes of the algae (藻类) on which it

The slugs can manufacture chlorophyll, the green pigment (色素) in plants thatcaptures energy from sunlight, and hold these genes within their The termkleptoplasty is used to describe the practice of using hijacked genes to create nutrientsfrom And so far, this green sea slug is the only known animal that can be trulyconsidered solar-powered, although some animals do exhibit some plant-like Many scientists have studied the green sea slugs to confirm that they are actually able tocreate energy from

In fact, the slugs use the genetic material so well that they pass it on to their Their babies retain the ability to produce their own chlorophyll, thoughthey can"t generate energy from sunlight until they"ve eaten enough algae to steal thenecessary genes, which they can"t yet produce on their

"There"s no way on earth that genes from an alga should work inside an animal cell," says Sidney Pierce from the University of South "And yet here, they Theyallow the animal to rely on sunshine for its So if something happens to theirfood source, they have a way of not starving to death until they find more algae to "

The sea slugs are so good at gathering energy from the sun that they can live up to ninemonths without having to eat any They get all their nutritional needs met by thegenes that they"ve hijacked from the

What is the distinctive feature of a sea slug?

A) It looks like both a plant and an

B) It converts some sea animals into

C) It lives half on animals and half on

D) It gets energy from both food and

What enables the sea slug to live like a plant?

A) The genes it captures from the sea plant

B) The mechanism by which it conserves

C) The nutrients it hjacks from other

D) The green pigment it inberits from its

What does the author say about baby sea slugs?

A) They can live without sunlight for a long

B) They can absorb sunlight right after their

C) They can survive without algac for quite some

D) They can produce chlorophyl on their

What does Sidney Pierce say about genes fom an alga?

A) They are stolen from animals like the sea

B) They can"t function unless exposed to

C) They don"t usually function inside animal

D) They can readily be converted to sca slug

What do we learn about sea slugs from the passage?

A) They behave the way most plant species

B) They can survive for months without

C) They will turn into plants when they

D) They will starve to death without

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chineseinto You should write your answer onAnswer Sheet

中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关。和睦的大家庭曾非常令人羡慕。过去四代同堂并不少见。由于这个传统，许多年轻人婚后继续与父母同住。今天，这个传统正在改变。随着住房条件的改善，越来越多年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住。但他们之间的联系仍然很密切。许多老年人仍然帮着照看孙辈。年轻夫妇也抽时间探望父母，特别是在春节和中秋节等重要节日。

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